Characterisation and traceability of extra virgin olive oil and table olive of Azapa variety marketed in Chile using Microsatellite Molecular Markers / Caracterización y trazabilidad de aceite de oliva virgen extra y aceituna de mesa de la variedad Azapa comercializados en Chile mediante marcadores moleculares microsatélites

Chile has two certified origin olive products: Extra-Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) from Huasco valley and the Azapa variety table olive from the Azapa valley. However, efficient methodologies are needed to determine the varieties and raw materials involved in the end products. In this study, we assessed the size of alleles from ten microsatellites in 20 EVOOs and in leaves and fruits of 16 olive varieties cultivated in Chile to authenticate their origins. The identification of varieties relied on specific allele sizes derived from microsatellites markers UDO99-011 and DCA18-M found in leaves and fruit mesocarp. While most Chilean single-variety EVOOs matched the variety declared on the label, inconsistencies were observed in single-variety EVOOs containing multiple varieties. Our findings confirm that microsatellites serve as a valuable as diagnostic tools for ensuring the quality control of Geographical Indication certification for Azapa olives and EVOO with Designation of Origin from Huasco.

Chile cuenta con dos productos de oliva de origen certificado: El aceite de oliva virgen extra (AOVE) del valle del Huasco y la aceituna de mesa de la variedad Azapa del valle de Azapa. Sin embargo, se necesitan metodologías eficientes para determinar las variedades y materias primas involucradas en los productos finales. En este estudio, evaluamos el tamaño de los alelos de diez microsatélites en 20 AOVEs y en hojas y frutos de 16 variedades de aceituna cultivadas en Chile para autentificar sus orígenes. La identificación de las variedades se basó en los tamaños alélicos específicos derivados de los marcadores microsatélites UDO99-011 y DCA18-M encontrados en las hojas y el mesocarpio de los frutos. Aunque la mayoría de los AOVEs chilenos monovarietales coincidían con la variedad declarada en la etiqueta, se observaron incoherencias en los AOVEs monovarietales que contenían múltiples variedades. Nuestros hallazgos confirman que los microsatélites sirven como valiosas herramientas de diagnóstico para asegurar el control de calidad de la certificación de Indicación Geográfica para aceitunas de Azapa y AOVE con Denominación de Origen de Huasco.

Study on the varieties included in the List of Overseas New Drugs Urgently Needed in Clinic in China and the optimization strategy / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To study the variety included in the List of Overseas New Drugs Urgently Needed in Clinic in China and optimization strategy， in order to better meet the needs of patients. METHODS The release process of List of Overseas New Drugs Urgently Needed in Clinic， the characteristics and attributes of the new drugs urgently needed abroad， and the problems in the implementation process were all analyzed to put forward some suggestions for optimizing the List of Overseas New Drugs Urgently Needed in Clinic. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS The release process of the List of Overseas New Drugs Urgently Needed in Clinic was roughly divided into incubation stage， preparation stage and implementation stage. The treatment fields of 3 batches of overseas new drugs urgently needed in clinic were relatively concentrated on endocrine and metabolic diseases，tumor and skin diseases. Of included 73 varieties， 50 varieties have been approved for market，and 26 varieties have been included in the medical insurance， 4 varieties were included in the Catalogue of Encouraged Generic Drugs. At present， there are still some problems in our country， such as the shortage monitoring system needs to be established and improved； the linkage with medical insurance is weakened； the encouragement of generic drugs is insufficient. It is necessary to strengthen the cooperation of monitored departments in the shortage of new overseas drugs，establish a medical insurance payment system oriented by clinical value， and improve the incentive mechanism to encourage the imitation of overseas new drugs urgently needed in clinic.

Evaluation of microsatellite allelic patterns to DNA fingerprinting in rubber tree clones

The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is native to the Amazon region, and it is widely exploited due to natural rubber produced from latex. There are many clonal varieties, without certification tests. In order to determine a genetic certification, 15 clones were genotyped to identify their genetic pattern. Ten microsatellites were used to determine a subset of alleles exclusive for each genetic profile. The genetic estimates obtained were: number of alleles per locus (N), expected (HE) and observed (HO) heterozygosity, Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) and Discriminatory Power (DP). The number of alleles (N) ranged from five to 14, with an average of 9.2. The HE mean (0.80) was higher than HO (0.60), indicating a selection for homozygotes. The locus informativeness was verified with PIC (0.77) and DP (0.90) means showing high polymorphism. The dendrogram represented the formation of three groups related to geographical origin. Clone MDF 180 presented the highest genetic divergence. Two genic pools represented the genetic composition of genotypes. Based on allelic profiles, a set of two microsatellites (A2365 and A2368) was able to distinguish all examined clones. The genetic certification using microsatellite fingerprinting proved to be an alternative to morphological traits.

Analysis of Equivalence Between Traditional and Nontraditional Medicinal Varieties of Citri Reticulatae Semen from Sichuan Province / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the differences in genetic relationship， shape， size， and flavonoid content between traditional and nontraditional medicinal varieties of Citri Reticulatae Semen produced in Sichuan province as well as their equivalence. Method:Six batches of traditional medicinal Citri Reticulatae Semen （<italic>Citrus reticulata</italic> 'Dahongpao'） and 23 batches of nontraditional medicinal varieties were collected， and their genetic relationship was explored using sequence-related amplified polymorphism （SRAP） markers. Following the observation of their shapes and sizes under a stereomicroscope， the contents of naringin， hesperidin， and neohesperidin were measured by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. SIMCA 14.1 software was used for cluster analysis of their shapes， sizes， and flavonoid contents， thus figuring out the similarities between the traditional and nontraditional medicinal varieties in character， size， and chemical components. Result:SRAP markers-based genetic relationship analysis effectively distinguished different Citri Reticulatae Semen varieties from each other. Some samples collected from the same or adjacent places exhibited a close genetic relationship and they shared high similarities in shape， size， and flavonoid content. However， the traditional medicinal Citri Reticulatae Semen was still quite different from most nontraditional medicinal varieties. Conclusion:The analysis of differences in genetic materials， appearance， character， and active ingredient content between the traditional and nontraditional medicinal varieties revealed that the equivalence<italic> </italic>of <italic>C.</italic> <italic>reticulata</italic> 'Ponkan' samples from some regions with the traditional medicinal variety was the largest， enabling them to be considered as the emerging medicinal variety.

Thoughts on Construction of Information System of Medical Device Variety Archives / 中国医疗器械杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Thinking on the construction of the medical device type archives information system.@*METHODS@#This paper introduces the concept and significance of medical device variety archives, and puts forward the overall construction idea and system framework of medical device variety archives by analyzing its construction difficulties.@*RESULTS@#Considering the long-term nature and complexity of the construction of medical device variety archives, the system can be constructed in accordance with the three steps of system building, platform building and data management, and the overall technical architecture can be designed from the eight aspects of user layer, business application layer, application support layer, data resource layer, infrastructure layer, security, standards and operation and maintenance management.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Architecture design is the foundation of system construction, and its design rationality is very important for the success of system construction. The architecture design proposed in this study has a certain reference role for promoting the construction of medical device variety archives management system.

Construction of model for multidimensional evaluation of value and risk of Chinese patent medicine / 中国中药杂志

It is the core of the development for Chinese patent medicine enterprises to cultivate large varieties of Chinese patent medicine, and the selection of potential "seed" products is the prerequisite for the cultivation strategy. By constructing the evaluation model from multiple dimensions of value and risk, we can conduct specialized evaluation of Chinese patent medicines to effectively, professionally and objectively select the "seed" products with large variety cultivation potential. In this paper, the establishment of a multidimensional evaluation system would be discussed from the aspects of drug naming and prescription composition, safety risk and supply guarantee of raw materials and medicinal materials, competition situation, access to policy catalogue, scientific and technological support, clinical evidence and recognition, systematical and standardized collection of information on product instructions, quality standards, policy catalogue, scientific and technological literature, market competition and clinical application of Chinese patent medicines. Through the objective evaluation index and the range of objective index, the multi-dimensional evaluation model on values and risks of Chinese patent medicine products was discussed. Based on this model, a batch of Chinese patent medicine products can be quickly and comprehensively analyzed, and quantitative comparison can be formed among different types and fields of products. According to the evaluation results of the model and the comprehensive evaluation of experts, high-quality "seed" products can be selec-ted, laying a solid foundation for the next step of large variety cultivation. With use of this model, we can further clarify the external competitive advantages and internal priority levels of each product, and provide support for enterprises to optimize product structure and improve product strategic layout.

Plant density on yield of Husk tomato (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.) in field and greenhouse / Densidade vegetal no rendimento de tomate Husk (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.) em campo e casa de vegetação

ABSTRACT: Physalis ixocarpa Brot. (tomatillo or Husk tomato) is one of the five major vegetables cultivated in Mexico, but its yield in the field is low. However, greenhouse crops and the enhancement in plant density can promote an increase in yield per area. The aim of this research was to evaluate: yield, water consumption and water use efficiency of variety husk tomato 'Diamante'. The experiment was conducted under field and greenhouse conditions, during the two crop cycles (autumn-winter and spring-summer), with different planting densities (1.5, 2 and 3 plants m-2), in complete random blocks and three replications. The yield was influenced by the planting density and environments. In both environments, the planting density, with 3 plants m-2 increased yield 32 %, and 25% in water use efficiency (WUE). In greenhouse increased 32% yield m-2 and the WUE it was 18.1 kg m-3 while in the field was 16.4 kg m-3. Crop cycle spring-summer produced differences of 27% in plant length and 15% in stem diameter, probably due to the temperature that was 4 ºC higher with respect to autumn-winter.

RESUMO: Physalis ixocarpa Brot. (tomatillo ou tomate de cáscara) é um dos cinco principais vegetais cultivados no México, mas seu rendimento no campo é baixo. No entanto, as culturas em estufa e o aumento da densidade das plantas podem promover um aumento no rendimento por área. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar: rendimento, consumo de água e eficiência no uso da água do tomate de casca de variedade 'Diamante'. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo e casa de vegetação, durante os dois ciclos de cultivo (outono-inverno e primavera-verão), com diferentes densidades de plantio (1,5, 2 e 3 plantas m-2), em blocos aleatórios completos e três replicações. O rendimento foi influenciado pela densidade e pelos ambientes de plantio. Nos dois ambientes, a densidade de plantio, com três plantas m-2, aumentou a produtividade em 32% e em 25% na eficiência no uso da água (WUE). Em casa de vegetação aumentou 32% do rendimento m-2 e o WUE foi de 18,1 kg m-3, enquanto no campo foi de 16,4 kg m-3. O ciclo da safra primavera-verão produziu diferenças de 27% no comprimento das plantas e 15% no diâmetro do caule, provavelmente devido à temperatura 4 ºC maior em relação ao outono-inverno.

Efecto del termofosfato sobre el crecimiento y producción de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) / Effect of thermophosphate on the growth and production of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)

RESUMEN El cultivo de papa es uno de los más representativos de los Andes colombianos. El cultivo tiene altos costos de producción, entre los cuales, la fertilización representa un 36% del total. Los avances tecnológicos en nutrición vegetal han permitido el desarrollo de nuevos compuestos, que generan una mayor asimilación y disponibilidad de los elementos nutritivos, durante los periodos productivos. Dentro de las diferentes fuentes de fósforo empleadas en Colombia, está como alternativa, el termofosfato o fosfato térmico. Por esto, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la aplicación del termofosfato en el cultivo de papa variedad 'Superior', en condiciones de campo, en el municipio de Villa Pinzón, Cundinamarca. Se empleó un diseño completamente al azar, con 4 tratamientos, que correspondieron a diferentes porcentajes de fosfato térmico 100% fosfato diamónico (DAP) (manejo convencional); 80% DAP, 20% fosfato térmico (FT); 40% DAP, 60% FT y 20% DAP, 80% FT, (0, 300, 600 y 900kg ha-1), con tres réplicas, para un total de 12 unidades experimentales. Las variables evaluadas fueron pesos fresco y seco, de parte área y raíz, concentración de fósforo en tejido y rendimiento por calidades y total. Se observó que la aplicación de termofosfato en diferentes concentraciones generó un efecto positivo con diferencias estadísticas (P≤0,05), en todas las variables evaluadas. El tratamiento de 600kg ha-1 de termofosfato, se muestra como una alternativa para el aporte de fósforo dentro de los planes de fertilización, en busca de una mejor respuesta fisiológica y productiva del cultivo de papa.

ABSTRACT Potato cultivation is one of the most representative activities of the Colombian Andes. The crop has high production costs, among which fertilization represents 36% of the total Technological advances in plant nutrition have allowed the development of new compounds that generate greater assimilation and availability of nutritional elements during productive periods. Within the different phosphorus sources available in Colombia, thermophosphate exists as an alternative. For this reason, the objective of this research was to evaluate the application of thermophosphate in the potato crop, Superior 'variety, under field conditions in the municipality of Villa Pinzón-Cundinamarca. A completely randomized design was used with 4 treatments that corresponded to different percentages of thermal phosphate: 100% diammonium phosphate (DAP) (conventional management); 80% DAP, 20% thermal phosphate (TF); 40% DAP, 60% TF and 20% DAP, 80% TF (0, 300, 600 y 900kg ha-1), with three replicas for a total of 12 experimental units. The variables evaluated were fresh and dry weights of areal and root part, phosphorus concentration in tissue and yield by qualities and the total. It was observed that the application of thermophosphate at different concentrations generated a positive effect, statistically different (P≤0.05) in all the variables evaluated. Thermophosphate, at 600kg ha-1 was found to be an alternative for the contribution of phosphorus within the fertilization plans, in search of a better physiological and productive response of the potato crop.

Growth, Yield, Seed and Seedling Quality Parameters of Rapeseed-mustard Varieties under Different Seed Priming Options

Rationale: Crop production and quality of produce get affected by drought, stand establishment and low availability of nutrients. Apart from various prevailing methods, seed treatment through priming now-a-days has been found to noticeably improve crop establishment for increasing seed yield and quality. Aim: To study the effect of various seed priming options on rapeseed-mustard varieties. Place of Study: A field experiment was conducted at AB Block Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India during winter season of 2017-2018. Methodology: Experiment comprised six rapeseed-mustard varieties (Anushka, Sanchita, TBM-143,TBM-204, Kranti and Pusa Bold) in main plot and five seed priming options (KH2PO4 @ 0.15 mol 100 ml water-1 5 g seeds-1, KNO3 @ 0.1 mol 100 ml water-1 5 g seeds-1, PEG 6000 @ -0.3 MPa 100 ml water-1 5 g seeds-1, hydro priming @ 100 ml 5 g seeds-1 and control) in subplot, replicated thrice in a split plot design. Observations on growth and yield contributing parameters were recorded from the field. Further, various quality parameters of seed and seedlings were evaluated in the laboratory. Data on all the parameters were finally statistically analyzed. Results: Among the varieties, Pusa Bold performed better in terms of growth, yield contributing parameters and seed yield under seed priming through either KH2PO4 @ 0.15 mol 100 ml water-1 5 g seeds-1 or PEG 6000 @ -0.3 MPa 100 ml water-1 5 g seeds-1. Seed and seedling quality parameters such as root and shoot lengths, seedling fresh and dry weights, germination % and vigour index were also improved under the same. Conclusion: Cultivation of mustard variety, Pusa Bold by seed priming through any of those two chemicals (KH2PO4 or PEG 6000) can be recommended for New alluvial zone of West Bengal, India.

Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of different Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum / 中草药

Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum has a long medicinal history in China and is often used as a tonic Chinese medicine. Because of the complex provenances, various specifications and unclear efficacy substance, the industry of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum lacks corresponding quality standards. The paper summarizes the research progress of chemical composition and pharmacological effects of different provenances, different growth stages, different forms, different processing methods, different parts of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum and provides reference for the in-depth application of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum in medical and functional food industries.

Research progress and correlation analysis on “phytochemistry-pharmacological effects-CMM efficacy-diseases” of Portulaca oleracea / 中草药

Portulaca oleracea has the functions of clearing heat and removing toxin, cooling blood to stop bleeding and treating dysentery. It is a medicine and food homologous drug with no toxic effect, which is common to people. As a drug, it has high safety. P. oleracea has a variety of active ingredients and pharmacological effects. In order to fully exploit the purslane and accelerate the modernization of purslane research, this paper summarizes the research progress of purslane. On this basis, the correlation analysis of “composition-activity-CMM efficacy-disease” was carried out, in order to provide ideas for the modern research of P. oleracea.

Analysis of varieties and characteristics of marine Chinese medicines recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica / 中草药

In this paper, the methods of literature study and data analysis were used to search and collect the information of the varieties of marine traditional Chinese medicine (MTCM) recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica (CMM), in order to analyze the changes of the varieties made by the comparison of CMM and the other ancient herbal works, as well as the added varieties and their habitat distribution, property and flavor, efficacy based on the species collected in Chinese Marine Materia Medica. At the same time, the classification, five-taste, four-nature, and efficacy of MTCM recorded in CMM were deeply analyzed. The results showed that 190 species of MTCM were recorded in CMM, 12 species of which were added compared with the classic works before Ming Dynasty. The main flavors of MTCM recorded in CMM were sweet taste (29.47%) and salty taste (16.84%), the main property of them was mild (30.53%), followed by cold nature (23.16%) and warm nature (10.00%). For the efficacy, the most of them were tonic (22.11%) and clearing heat (20.53%), followed by dissolving phlegm, relieving cough and relieving asthma (8.95%), and promoting diuresis and expelling pathogenic dampness (6.32%). The varieties and characteristics of the marine traditional Chinese medicines recorded in CMM were systematically sorted out and analyzed for the first time in this paper.

Variety textual research of Mongolian medicine of "saradma" / 中国中药杂志

Mongolian medicine is an indispensable part in developing traditional Mongolian medicine. This study is aimed to provide a basis for the formulation of clinical and Mongolian medicinal materials standards by clarifying the original plant and species collation of Mongolia medicine of "saradma". Mongolian herbal medicine, as an important part of Mongolian medicine, is needed to study the authentic Mongolian medicine, in order to exert the best therapeutic effect in the application. The Mongolian medicine of "saradma" is a kind of medicinal material for diuresis, reinforcing kidney, and eliminating edema, for which comes from the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds and other parts of medicinal plant. The ancient books of Mongolian medicine are the most important reference the research of Mongolian medicine varieties. This review adopts the method of inductive comparison of ancient books in order to summarize the conclusion of Mongolian medicine of "saradma". According to the investigations, Mongolian medicine of "saradma" type is mainly Leguminosae plant, Oxytropis latibracteata, Hedysarum multijugum, Thermopsis barbata, Astragalus membranaceus, Vicia amoena, O. caerulea, Astragalus bhotanensis, Hedysarum sikkimense. Compared with modern works, it is found that the drug has a wide range of resources distribution and application. It can be used for the treatment of cold edema, hot edema, nephrogenic edema, edema, swelling and likes caused by different diseases. Based on the research of Mongolian medicine of "saradma" varieties, it was found that the most commonly used varieties in Inner Mongolia were cayan saradma, xara saradam and sira saradma all of which are all top-grade drugs that reduce swelling.

Correlation Analysis Between Bulb Quality and Rhizosphere Soil Factors of Fritillaria taibaiensis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To explore the correlation between bulb quality and rhizosphere soil factors of Fritillaria taibaiensis of different origins and years, in order to provide theoretical basis for the high quality and safe production of F. taibaiensis. Method::Totally 11 samples of bulb and rhizospheric soil of F. taipaiensis of different origins and years were taken as the research objects. Available N, available P, available K, organic matter, pH and six soil enzyme activities in rhizosphere soils were determined by soil agrochemical analysis method. Peimisine and nine nucleosides in F. taibaiensis bulbs were determined by HPLC, and total alkaloid content was determined by UV. SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the correlation of the measured data. Result::There were significant differences in rhizosphere soil factors and bulb quality between F. taibaiensis of different origins and years (P<0.05). In terms of soil factors, the contents of available N, available K, organic matter and six soil enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil of wild varieties were higher than those of cultivated varieties, while the contents of available P and pH were lower than those of cultivated varieties. With the increase of growth years, the soil nutrient index of cultivated varieties showed different change trends, while that of wild varieties did not change significantly. However, most of the soil enzymes in both groups decreased in varying degrees. In terms of bulb quality, the contents of nine nucleosides and alkaloids in F. taibaiensis bulbs decreased with the increase of growth years, with larger change trends of cultivated varieties, while that of wild varieties was not significant. The contents of nucleosides and alkaloids in most cultivated varieties were higher than those in wild varieties. The correlation analysis showed certain correlations between soil factors in rhizosphere as well as soil factors and bulb quality. In general, soil nutrient status and bulb quality decreased with the increase of years. Conclusion::The quality of F. taibaiensis is mainly affected by its rhizosphere soil factors. In the process of field conservation and artificial cultivation, attention shall be paid to increase or decrease of the content of soil nutrients and their proportional relationship according to actual situations, so as to ensure the quality of F. taibaiensis.

Identification of different Bupleurum varieties based on carbohydrate-specific chromatograms / 药学学报

Characterization of the polysaccharides and monosaccharides of Bupleurum chinense was undertaken to identify differences in the Bupleurum chinense's sugar profiles, so as to provide a basis for the identification of different varieties. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to generate chromatograms of the total polysaccharides of Bupleurum using an Evaporation Light Detector (ELSD), and a monosaccharide chromatogram was generated using a UV-detector (UV) following polysaccharide derivatization. The data were analyzed using SIMCA software and SPSS software to distinguish different varieties of Bupleurum. The results show that the yield of polysaccharides from Bupleurum falcatum is the highest, while the yield of polysaccharides from Bupleurum chinense is the lowest. The polysaccharide spectrum shows that the molecular weights of the polysaccharides in different Bupleurum differ, and their percentages of the total peak area are also different. The four Bupleurum polysaccharides are composed of mannose, glucuronic acid, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose, but differ in length. The ratio of glucose to arabinose in Bupleurum chinense, Bupleurum scorzonerifolium, Bupleurum falcatum and Bupleurum marginatum var. stenophyllum is: 3.0-4.0, 5.5-7.0, 12.0-17.0, 9.0-12.0. In this study, a sugar profile technique was developed to provide a new method for the identification of different varieties of Bupleurum.

Metabonomics Analysis on Different Varieties of Angelica sinensis Based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To establish differential metabolites between different varieties of Angelica sinensis, and provide reference for breeding, introduction, regional cultivation and ecological cultivation of new varieties of A. sinensis. Method::Comprehensive non-target metabonomics analysis was conducted for five new varieties of A. sinensis collected at the same time from the same origin: Mingui No. 1 (MG1), Mingui No. 2 (MG2), Mingui No. 4 (MG4), Mingui No. 5 (MG5), and Mingui No. 6 (MG6). The 50% methanol extract of each variety was taken, and then the differential metabolites among varieties were found by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), software Progenesis QI, principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and non-targeted metabonomics analysis. Differential metabolites were identified based on precise molecular weight, secondary fragments, KEGG database, HMDE database and related literature information. Result::The results of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and multivariate statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences in the metabolites of five Angelica varieties. As compared with MG1, the contents of chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, tryptophan and ferulic aldehyde were significantly lower in MG2, MG4, MG5 and MG6, while the contents of ligustilide, coumarin, bovine keratin, palmitin, protocatechualdehyde and linolenic acid were significantly higher (P<0.05). The results of multivariate statistical analysis showed that the metabolites of MG2 and MG5 were similar with those of MG6, but were significantly different from those of MG4.In addition, 38 distinct metabolites were identified, involving 7 potential targeted metabolic pathways. Different varieties of A. sinensis could regulate the synthesis of their metabolites through phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and sesquiterpene-like compounds metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, carotenoids, linolenic acid, linoleic acid and some other metabolic pathways. Conclusion::UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and Progenesis QI metabonomics techniques were used to compare the chemical constituents of different varieties of A. sinensis from the overall level. The differences and their regularities were found, which could provide reference for quality control, variety sorting, identification, breeding and ecological planting of A. sinensis.

Textual Research on Gardeniae Fructus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Gardenia has been widely used in clinical practice and with a long history. In order to make better use of gardenia resources，this study summarized historical literatures and modern researches，made textual research on the name，variety，origin，processing and efficacy of Gardenia jasminoides，and found that the name of G. jasminoides mainly reflects the characteristics of G. jasminoides based on form and color to a certain extent. In some cases, the name "Huangzhi" was mixed with water G. jasminoides. The earliest origin of G.jasminoides was Nanyang as recorded in ancient literatures, but with a low yield. Due to the influence of population migration and productivity development，the main origin of G. jasminoides moved to the south，and southern producers were preferred. G. jasminoides was recorded as G. jasminoides, and Gardeniae Fructus could not be used as medicine in literatures of Chinese materia medica，but there were records of "Fat G.jasminoides" and "Great G. jasminoides" as medicines in ancient books of treatment for febrile diseases. The reason for the difference with the literature records of this herb lay in different eras of "Leigong Bombardment Theory" and "Treatise on Febrile Diseases". There were gaps in the yield and harvesting capacity of G.jasminoides，and the herbaceous book was highly standardized， the highest-quality herbs were selected to be used as medicine，and the formularies focused on practicality. According to modern experimental studies，chemical composition and content of Gardeniae Fructus and Gardeniae Fructus were similar with the same choleretic effect. In addition，the processing history and efficacy application of G. jasminoides were also summarized，in order to provide reference for the further study and utilization of G. resources.

Physico-chemical Characterization of Palm Kernel Oil Extracted from the Seeds of Two Varieties of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) for Possible Use in Feed or Food

This study was carried out in order to assess the quality of the type of palm kernel oil suitable for the alternative in animal oil in feed or food. To reach this objective, oil D and oil T extracted respectively from the seeds of the varieties Dura and Tenera of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) by the Soxhlet method using hexane as a solvent were analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. The results obtained show that the values for the physical parameters (Oil yield, density and percentage of impurities) of both oils were similar and fell in those of the standards of Codex Alimentarius 2015. However, for the chemical parameters (Acid value, percentage of free fatty acids, peroxide value, saponification value and ester value), the values obtained for oil D were the highest, but for both oils, the values were above those recommended by the standards of Codex Alimentarius 2015, excepted the Saponification values and the Ester values which were below these standards. The determination of fatty acids composition by Gas Chromatography showed that these oils were not significantly different. Indeed, the totals saturated fatty acids were in amounts of 87.92% ± 0.17 and 87.53% ± 0.24, while the totals unsaturated fatty acids were in amounts of 12.08% ± 0.02 and 12.47% ± 0.02 respectively for oil D and oil T. The predominant fatty acid was lauric acid in amounts of 36.87% and 37.84% respectively for oil D and oil T. Thus, these palm kernel oils could be used as ingredients and preservatives in feed due to their content in lauric acid which is known to possess antimicrobial properties and also to their content in unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acids) which are an indicator of oil quality. However, oil T seems to be more suitable for the alternative in animal oil in feed due to its percentage of free fatty acid which is less than that of oil D.

Variation Pattern of Rhizospheric Soil Nutrient for Fritillaria taipaiensis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To study the variation patterns of rhizospheric soil nutrient and the content of nutrient elements for Fritillaria taipaiensis,in order to provide the theoretical base for the soil improvement and balanced fertilization during the artificial cultivation. Method: Totally 14 samples of rhizospheric soil of Fritillaria taipaiensis from different origins and years were taken as the research objects. Total N,available N,total P,available P,total K,available K,organic matter,pH and 7 nutrient element contents (Ca,Mg,Na,Mn,Zn,Cu and Ni) were analyzed by the soil agrochemical analysis method combined with the atomic absorption spectrophotometry. SPSS 22.0 software was applied for data multiple comparison and correlation analysis. Result: The all results showed significant differences (PF. taipaiensis. The content of total N,available N,total P,available P and organic matter of rhizospheric soil collected from cultivated varieties decreased with the increase of years,and the content of total K,available K and pH decreased first and then increased. However,the soil physical and chemical properties of wild varieties had no obvious change with the increase of years. The content of Ca,Mg,Na and Cu of soil from cultivated varieties decreased with the increase of years,while the content of Mn decreased first and then increased. And Zn and Ni showed no significant change with the increase of years. Compared with cultivated varieties,the content of Ca,Mg,Na,Mn and Cu increased first and then decreased. The content of Zn and Ni showed no obvious change. In general,the rhizospheric soil nutrient and the content of nutrient elements for wild F. taipaiensis were superior to those of cultivated varieties. Conclusion: The third year is the turning point of F. taipaiensis growth. The rhizospheric soil nutrient and the content of nutrient elements decreased obviously after three years. Attention shall be given to the balanced fertilization,the improvement of soil quality and the prevention of the cropping during cultivation of F. taipaiensis.

Pollution-free Cultivation of Stellaria dichotoma var. lanceolata / 中国实验方剂学杂志

As a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine,Stellaria dichotoma var. lanceolata has a medicinal history of several hundred years, and been included in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. With a sweet fact and mild war nature, it enters liver and stomach meridians. With effects in clearing deficient heat and eliminating fever in infantile malnu, it has been used to treat such diseases as Yin deficiency fever, consumptive fever due to Yin deficiency and infantile chancre fever, and taken as the raw materials of Wuji Baifeng Wan and other traditional Chinese medicine preparations. In recent years,there have been increasing demands for S. dichotoma var. lanceolata from people. However, its wild resources have been over-excavated for a long time,leading to a serious shortage of wild strains. Furthermore, the quality of artificial S. dichotoma var. lanceolata medicine is far different from that of wild cultivars. Meanwhile,pesticide residues and excessive metal standards due to the irrational use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in the production process, as well as the large number of counterfeits in the market seriously impact the quality,efficacy and drug safety of S. dichotoma var. lanceolata medicine. Therefore, the non-polluted production technology of S. dichotoma var. lanceolata is of great significance. The non-polluted production technology would be an effective mode for promoting the sound development of S. dichotoma var. lanceolata industry in the future and the key to solve the issues. This article summarizes the environment of suitable production area,plantation method, comprehensive soil improvement, field management and rational fertilization technology. It also proposes that the prevention and control of pollution-free safflower pests and diseases should follow the principle of giving priority to comprehensive prevention. The pollution-free and technical regulation system of S.dichotoma var. lanceolata cultivars is built to produce excellent,high-quality and non-polluted production with low content of pesticide residues and heavy metals,and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the global S.dichotoma var. lanceolata industry.